The Hepatitis B ‘e’ Antigen and Antibody Blood Test is a key diagnostic tool used to assess the presence of the hepatitis B virus (HBV) in the body and determine the stage of the infection. This test measures the Hepatitis B ‘e’ antigen (HBeAg) and the Hepatitis B ‘e’ antibody (anti-HBe), which are crucial in evaluating the infection’s activity and the risk of transmission.
What Is Hepatitis B ‘e’ Antigen and Antibody?
- Hepatitis B ‘e’ Antigen (HBeAg) is a protein produced by the hepatitis B virus during active infection. Its presence in the blood indicates that the virus is replicating, and the individual is likely infectious.
- Hepatitis B ‘e’ Antibody (anti-HBe) is produced by the immune system in response to the presence of HBeAg. Its presence typically indicates that the body has begun to control the infection, potentially leading to a less infectious state.
Why Is the Hepatitis B ‘e’ Antigen and Antibody Test Performed?
This test is typically ordered to:
- Assess infection status: Determine whether someone is actively infected with the hepatitis B virus (HBV).
- Monitor disease progression: Help doctors track the stage of HBV infection and evaluate the risk of developing chronic hepatitis B.
- Evaluate risk of transmission: Identify individuals with higher viral replication rates who may pose a higher risk of transmitting the virus to others.
- Determine treatment plans: In patients with chronic hepatitis B, the results of this test can guide decisions regarding antiviral treatments.
Symptoms That May Prompt This Test
This test may be ordered if you have symptoms of hepatitis B infection, such as:
- Jaundice (yellowing of the skin or eyes)
- Fatigue
- Abdominal pain (especially in the upper right side)
- Dark urine or light-colored stools
- Unexplained weight loss
- Loss of appetite
- Nausea or vomiting
How Is the Hepatitis B ‘e’ Antigen and Antibody Test Conducted?
- Blood Sample Collection:
- A small blood sample is taken from a vein in your arm.
- Laboratory Analysis:
- The sample is tested for the presence of HBeAg and anti-HBe.
- Results Interpretation:
- Positive HBeAg: Suggests active hepatitis B infection and a high risk of transmission.
- Positive anti-HBe: Indicates a previous infection or a reduced level of viral replication, suggesting the immune system is controlling the infection.
- Both Positive: Can indicate a phase of chronic infection with fluctuating viral activity.
- Negative for Both: Can indicate no active infection or that the body has cleared the virus.
Understanding Test Results
- HBeAg Positive & Anti-HBe Negative: This suggests an active, replicating HBV infection. The person is highly infectious.
- HBeAg Negative & Anti-HBe Positive: Indicates the body has developed an immune response to HBV, and the infection may be in the inactive or immune-controlled phase.
- HBeAg Negative & Anti-HBe Negative: A negative result may mean the virus is not actively replicating, but further tests may be required to confirm the presence of HBV or to rule out other liver conditions.
Preparation and Risks
- Preparation: No special preparation is required, though it’s important to inform your doctor about any medications or supplements you are taking.
- Risks: Minimal risks associated with the blood draw, such as mild bruising or discomfort at the site.
What Happens After Your Test?
If your results suggest an active infection, your doctor will discuss treatment options, including antiviral therapies to reduce viral load and the risk of liver damage. If the infection is inactive or controlled, your doctor may monitor the condition over time with regular follow-up tests.
To book please use the link below or call our friendly team on 01443 303003.
